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1983 Pan American Games : ウィキペディア英語版 | 1983 Pan American Games
The ninth Pan American Games were held in Caracas, Venezuela from August 14 to August 29, 1983. The games were the first major international competition to include relatively accurate steroid testing.〔Taylor, William N., ''Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete'', Second Edition, 2002, McFarland & Company, p. 150.〕 After 15 athletes, mostly weightlifters, tested positive, many others — including 12 American track and field athletes〔"Canadian women shine in softball win," ''Toronto Star'', August 25, 1983, p. E4.〕 — came down with injuries, got sick, or found other reasons to withdraw from competition and avoid the test.〔 == Medal count ==
''To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「1983 Pan American Games」の詳細全文を読む
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